Nutrition and COVID-19
Is Vitamin A rich diet important to fight Covid-19?
There are a number of reviews of the role of vitamin A in enhancing the immunity and in improving an individual’s susceptibility to infection.
Vitamin A is important for normal differentiation of epithelial tissue and for immune cell maturation and function. Thus, vitamin A deficiency is associated with impaired barrier function, altered immune responses and increased susceptibility to a range of infections.
Lack of vitamin A leads to respiratory infections, diarrhoea and severe measles. Studies show children with no deficiency of vitamin A reduced all-cause mortality, reduced incidence, morbidity and mortality from measles and from infant diarrhoea, and improved symptoms in acute pneumonia which is a symptom seen in patients with Covid-19.
How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted food security status?
Prior to the pandemic, 21% of households were identified as food insecure. Six months into the pandemic, the prevalence of any food insecurity increased from 21% to 80%, of which mildly, moderately and severely food insecure households increased. Overall, 62% households changed from being food secure to food insecure during the pandemic. Household food insecurity (HFI) experiences sharply increased for each domain. For example, the prevalence of anxiety and uncertainty about the household food supply, insufficient quality of food and insufficient quantity of food consumed during the pandemic were 45%, 78% and 42%, respectively, which was much higher than before the pandemic.
How to maintain healthy diets and lifestyle during COVID -19 pandemic?
Good nutrition is very important before, during and after an infection. Infections take a toll on the body especially when these cause fever, the body needs extra energy and nutrients.
The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a lot of changes in the daily lives of people around the world. However, there are things that can be done to maintain a healthy lifestyle in these difficult times. Eat a variety of foods within each food group and across all the food groups
- Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.
- Consume a diet rich in whole grains, nuts, and healthy fats such as in olive, sesame, peanut or other oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids
- Continue to practice good food hygiene.
- Drink water regularly.
- Limit consumption of alcohol.
And don’t forget, in addition to a healthy diet, other lifestyle factors are critical part of maintaining wellbeing and a healthy immune system. A healthy lifestyle includes additional strategies such as:
- not smoking;
- exercising regularly;
- getting adequate sleep; and,
- minimizing and coping with stress.
What is the role of Nutrition during the management of COVID-19 for Diabetes Mellitus Patients?
Nutritional deficiencies of protein, essential fatty acids and some micronutrients are associated with decreased immune function and increased susceptibility to viral infections including the COVID-19 infection, which can affect severity of infection especially in vulnerable patients like diabetics. Therefore, considering nutritional status of patients and appropriate macronutrient and adequate micronutrients intake is very important in the management of COVID-19 for Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
What are the impacts of consuming Fast food and Alcohol during COVID-19 Lockdown?
During the first COVID-19 lockdown a high prevalence of sleep disorders was reported, which could also be linked to imbalanced dietary patterns. Overeating is directly related to an increased risk of developing obesity and subsequently the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD)and type-2 diabetes mellitus is increased. Alcohol consumption pattern during the lockdown is related to an increased prevalence of negative health outcomes and also negatively influences the quality of life for both the consumer and his/her family members.
How micronutrient Zinc and Selenium impact the Immune system during COVID-19?
Deficiency of zinc and selenium can weaken the immune system and can increase rate of infection. In some setting, zinc supplementation can decrease risk of death with severe pneumonia. Limited emerging evidence suggests low zinc or selenium status could be linked to more severe COVID-19.
Is it probiotic help in preventing COVID19?
No. Probiotics are live microorganisms that are generally added to foods or used as a supplement to the diet to confer a health benefit. However, there is currently no evidence to support the use of probiotics to help prevent or cure COVID-19.
Is intake of fruits and vegetables beneficial during Covid-19?
A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is regarded as healthy and beneficial in a number of conditions. Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and flavonoids, can help manage symptoms and to reduce the risk of severity from COVID-19 infection. Fruit and vegetables are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, which have a lot of beneficial effects. Therefore, it is beneficial to have fresh fruits and vegetables to fight COVID-19 infection.
What healthy food practices to be followed at home to minimize the risk of contamination from COVID-19 infection?
- Wash vegetables and fruits before eating.
- Wash, rinse, and disinfect objects and surfaces every time before and after use.
- Keep cooked and raw foods separate, as it would prevent the harmful microbes from raw foods spreading to cooked foods.
- Use different chopping boards and utensils for cooked and raw foods to prevent cross-contamination.
- Use gloves while preparing a meal.
- Frequently disinfect surfaces which came in contact such as door knobs, grocery items etc.
Do people with diabetes have a higher chance of experiencing serious complications from COVID-19 infection?
People with Diabetes are not more likely to get the virus compared to the general public. However, if they contact COVID-19 infection, people with diabetes are more likely to have serious complications and become seriously ill from COVID-19, than those who do not have diabetes. Hence, follow a healthy diet and exercise, take medications regularly and test sugar levels frequently so as to keep your diabetes under control. When diabetic patients become sick, they may require frequent monitoring of blood glucose and adjustment of drugs including insulin, small frequent meals and adequate fluids.